亨里克·维尼亚夫斯基（波兰语：Henryk Wieniawski，1835年7月10日－1880年3月10日），波兰作曲家、小提琴家。
全名--- Henryk Wieniawski
出生--- 1835年7月10日 卢布林
逝世--- 1880年3月10日 莫斯科
所属时期／乐派--- 浪漫主义
擅长类型--- 小提琴曲
代表作--- 两部小提琴协奏曲，小提琴曲《莫斯科的回忆》《浮士德幻想曲》《传奇》，两首辉煌波兰舞曲
生平---
1835年7月10日维尼亚夫斯基在波兰俄属卢布林诞生。犹太人。
1840年5岁开始学小提琴。
1843年8岁入巴黎音乐学院，在巴黎期间，维尼亚夫斯基在母亲举办的沙龙结识了侨居法国的波兰精英，音乐家肖邦和诗人亚当·密茨凯维奇。
1848年13岁荣获巴黎音乐学院金奖毕业，和他的兄弟、钢琴家约瑟夫·维尼亚夫斯基一同举行巡回演出。
1847年 维尼亚夫斯基完成并出版第一部作品：Grand Caprice Fantastique。
1860年完成 Légende, Opus 17，献给情人Isabella Hampton，同年与Isabella Hampton结婚。
1860年应俄罗斯钢琴家安东·鲁宾斯坦邀请，迁居圣彼得堡。维尼亚夫斯基在圣彼得堡指挥俄罗斯音乐院的交响乐团和弦乐四重演奏乐队，并招收门生教授小提琴，直至1872年。
1872年至1874年维尼亚夫斯基和鲁宾斯坦在美国巡回演出。
1875年维尼亚夫斯基接替亨利·维厄当成为布鲁塞尔音乐院小提琴教授。侨居布鲁塞尔期间，维尼亚夫斯基健康欠佳。
1879年4月维尼亚夫斯基在奥德萨举行告别音乐会。
1880年维尼亚夫斯基在莫斯科逝世，葬华沙波瓦兹基墓园。
维尼亚夫斯基发明了演奏小提琴的独特的持弓法，称为“维尼亚夫斯基持弓法”（有时被误称为俄罗斯持弓法）；维尼亚夫斯基教学生运用这种持弓法轻松地演奏“魔鬼的跳弓”。
1935年在华沙举行了第一届以维尼亚夫斯基命名的小提琴比赛。从1952年开始国际亨里克·维尼亚夫斯小提琴比赛每5年举行一次。
1952年波兰发行一枚维尼亚夫斯基纪念邮票。
1979年波兰发行一枚面值100兹罗提的维尼亚夫斯基纪念硬币。
在波兰琴斯托霍瓦河谷有“维尼亚夫斯卡镇”纪念他。
Often compared to Paganini, Wieniawski was one of the greatest violinists of the Romantic era. As a performer, he dazzled audiences with his stupendous technique, expressive phrasing, and rich tone. As a composer, he succeeded in blending brilliant virtuosity with true Romantic inspiration. Like his compatriot Chopin, Wieniawski wrote music which celebrated the spirit of Poland, with his popular Polonaise in D major serving as a sterling example. Wieniawskis talent as a composer came to the fore in his extraordinary Violin Concerto No. 2, regarded as one of the great works of the Romantic violin repertoire.
Born in Poland while the country was under foreign rule, Wieniawski was a member of a family which produced several remarkable musicians. Recognized as a prodigy, Wieniawski auditioned for the Paris Conservatoire at the age of nine. In 1846, he received first prize in violin. Two years later, Wieniawski embarked on a career as a concert violinist, performing first in Paris and then in St. Petersburg. After achieving great success in St. Petersburg, Wieniawski returned to Paris to study composition.
Between 1851 and 1853, Wieniawski lived in Russia, giving concerts with his younger brother Joseph. In many ways the typical Romantic virtuoso, Wieniawski was also developing into a serious composer. The works published by the time he was 18 included the Polonaise in D major and the Violin Concerto No. 1 in F sharp minor. A work in which musical inspiration may have been, as critics later maintained, subordinated to the virtuosos need to demonstrate his sheer technical prowess, the Violin Concerto No. 1 nevertheless hugely impressed European audiences, launching Wieniawskis international career as a violinist-composer.
Wieniawskis career entered a new phase in 1860, when he moved to St. Petersburg. Wieniawski immediately became one of the countrys principal musical figures. First violinist to the Tsar and professor of violin at the newly-founded Conservatory, he also led the Russian Musical Societys orchestra and string quartet. He exerted a tremendous influence on the Russian violin tradition; his unusual bowing style, with a stiff wrist and raised elbow, later became a trademark of Russian violinists, who, despite the seeming discomfort of the technique, kept rising to the pinnacle of violin performance. Wieniawski also matured as a composer. The Violin Concerto No. 2, composed in Russia in 1862, supports the violin with an orchestral part which, going beyond mere accompaniment, fully participates in the compositions thematic development. Also, anticipating cyclical compositional forms, Wieniawski reiterates the soulful second theme of the first movement in the final movement.
Wieniawskis Russian period ended in 1872, when he resumed his career as an international virtuoso. Following a grueling, two-year North American tour, Wieniawski returned to Europe to succeed Vieuxtemps as professor at the Brussels Conservatory. He kept that post until 1877 while maintaining his busy concert schedule. In 1878, although weakened by a serious heart condition, Wieniawski played in Paris, Berlin, and Moscow. In Berlin, on November 11, 1878, Wieniawski collapsed while performing his second violin concerto; in Moscow, on December 17, he was unable to complete his performance of Beethovens "Kreutzer" sonata. Undaunted, Wieniawski started a Russian tour in 1879, but was taken to the hospital in Odessa. On February 14, 1880, Wieniawski was brought to the house of Tchaikovskys patroness Nadezhda von Meck. The dying Wieniawski was also in a desperate financial situation, and friends had to raise money for a life insurance payment in order to secure the future of his family. Two months after Wieniawskis death, his youngest daughter, Irene, was born.
全名--- Henryk Wieniawski
出生--- 1835年7月10日 卢布林
逝世--- 1880年3月10日 莫斯科
所属时期／乐派--- 浪漫主义
擅长类型--- 小提琴曲
代表作--- 两部小提琴协奏曲，小提琴曲《莫斯科的回忆》《浮士德幻想曲》《传奇》，两首辉煌波兰舞曲
生平---
1835年7月10日维尼亚夫斯基在波兰俄属卢布林诞生。犹太人。
1840年5岁开始学小提琴。
1843年8岁入巴黎音乐学院，在巴黎期间，维尼亚夫斯基在母亲举办的沙龙结识了侨居法国的波兰精英，音乐家肖邦和诗人亚当·密茨凯维奇。
1848年13岁荣获巴黎音乐学院金奖毕业，和他的兄弟、钢琴家约瑟夫·维尼亚夫斯基一同举行巡回演出。
1847年 维尼亚夫斯基完成并出版第一部作品：Grand Caprice Fantastique。
1860年完成 Légende, Opus 17，献给情人Isabella Hampton，同年与Isabella Hampton结婚。
1860年应俄罗斯钢琴家安东·鲁宾斯坦邀请，迁居圣彼得堡。维尼亚夫斯基在圣彼得堡指挥俄罗斯音乐院的交响乐团和弦乐四重演奏乐队，并招收门生教授小提琴，直至1872年。
1872年至1874年维尼亚夫斯基和鲁宾斯坦在美国巡回演出。
1875年维尼亚夫斯基接替亨利·维厄当成为布鲁塞尔音乐院小提琴教授。侨居布鲁塞尔期间，维尼亚夫斯基健康欠佳。
1879年4月维尼亚夫斯基在奥德萨举行告别音乐会。
1880年维尼亚夫斯基在莫斯科逝世，葬华沙波瓦兹基墓园。
维尼亚夫斯基发明了演奏小提琴的独特的持弓法，称为“维尼亚夫斯基持弓法”（有时被误称为俄罗斯持弓法）；维尼亚夫斯基教学生运用这种持弓法轻松地演奏“魔鬼的跳弓”。
1935年在华沙举行了第一届以维尼亚夫斯基命名的小提琴比赛。从1952年开始国际亨里克·维尼亚夫斯小提琴比赛每5年举行一次。
1952年波兰发行一枚维尼亚夫斯基纪念邮票。
1979年波兰发行一枚面值100兹罗提的维尼亚夫斯基纪念硬币。
在波兰琴斯托霍瓦河谷有“维尼亚夫斯卡镇”纪念他。
Often compared to Paganini, Wieniawski was one of the greatest violinists of the Romantic era. As a performer, he dazzled audiences with his stupendous technique, expressive phrasing, and rich tone. As a composer, he succeeded in blending brilliant virtuosity with true Romantic inspiration. Like his compatriot Chopin, Wieniawski wrote music which celebrated the spirit of Poland, with his popular Polonaise in D major serving as a sterling example. Wieniawskis talent as a composer came to the fore in his extraordinary Violin Concerto No. 2, regarded as one of the great works of the Romantic violin repertoire.
Born in Poland while the country was under foreign rule, Wieniawski was a member of a family which produced several remarkable musicians. Recognized as a prodigy, Wieniawski auditioned for the Paris Conservatoire at the age of nine. In 1846, he received first prize in violin. Two years later, Wieniawski embarked on a career as a concert violinist, performing first in Paris and then in St. Petersburg. After achieving great success in St. Petersburg, Wieniawski returned to Paris to study composition.
Between 1851 and 1853, Wieniawski lived in Russia, giving concerts with his younger brother Joseph. In many ways the typical Romantic virtuoso, Wieniawski was also developing into a serious composer. The works published by the time he was 18 included the Polonaise in D major and the Violin Concerto No. 1 in F sharp minor. A work in which musical inspiration may have been, as critics later maintained, subordinated to the virtuosos need to demonstrate his sheer technical prowess, the Violin Concerto No. 1 nevertheless hugely impressed European audiences, launching Wieniawskis international career as a violinist-composer.
Wieniawskis career entered a new phase in 1860, when he moved to St. Petersburg. Wieniawski immediately became one of the countrys principal musical figures. First violinist to the Tsar and professor of violin at the newly-founded Conservatory, he also led the Russian Musical Societys orchestra and string quartet. He exerted a tremendous influence on the Russian violin tradition; his unusual bowing style, with a stiff wrist and raised elbow, later became a trademark of Russian violinists, who, despite the seeming discomfort of the technique, kept rising to the pinnacle of violin performance. Wieniawski also matured as a composer. The Violin Concerto No. 2, composed in Russia in 1862, supports the violin with an orchestral part which, going beyond mere accompaniment, fully participates in the compositions thematic development. Also, anticipating cyclical compositional forms, Wieniawski reiterates the soulful second theme of the first movement in the final movement.
Wieniawskis Russian period ended in 1872, when he resumed his career as an international virtuoso. Following a grueling, two-year North American tour, Wieniawski returned to Europe to succeed Vieuxtemps as professor at the Brussels Conservatory. He kept that post until 1877 while maintaining his busy concert schedule. In 1878, although weakened by a serious heart condition, Wieniawski played in Paris, Berlin, and Moscow. In Berlin, on November 11, 1878, Wieniawski collapsed while performing his second violin concerto; in Moscow, on December 17, he was unable to complete his performance of Beethovens "Kreutzer" sonata. Undaunted, Wieniawski started a Russian tour in 1879, but was taken to the hospital in Odessa. On February 14, 1880, Wieniawski was brought to the house of Tchaikovskys patroness Nadezhda von Meck. The dying Wieniawski was also in a desperate financial situation, and friends had to raise money for a life insurance payment in order to secure the future of his family. Two months after Wieniawskis death, his youngest daughter, Irene, was born.